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The bryopyte flora of Western Melanesia

Timo Koponen, Sinikka Piippo & D. H. Norris

 

In 1981 D. H. Norris and T. Koponen made several field excursions in New Guinea in order to collect bryophytes (Koponen & Norris 1983). The original idea was to publish a list of collections but the target gradually changed toward a complete flora of Western Melanesia. Norris and Koponen have been responsible for the study of the mosses in cooperation with many colleagues, and S. Piippo has organized the research and publishing of the liverworts. Until now 70 papers have been published in the “Huon Peninsula series” and 4 papers in the “Frieda series”. A nearly complete list of the papers is in Koponen (2000). The floristic and taxonomic results based on ca 17500 specimens from New Guinea and herbarium studies are:

Families studied 88
mosses 46
hepatics 42
   
Genera studied 302
mosses 192
hepatics 110
   
Species studied 1088
mosses 561
hepatics 527
   
Taxa new for science 82
genera 5
species 77
   
New combinations 77
   
New synonyms 456
   
First records for Western Melanesia:  
genera 44
species 231

 

Some groups of hepatics, partly Lejeuneaceae, Bazzania, and Aneuraceae, have not yet been revised, and the study on moss families Hookeriaceae, Hypnaceae, Hypopterygiaceae and parts of Sematophyllaceae is lacking. The altitudinal distribution is given in the form of altitudinal maps and the habitat ecology and plant associations, in which the bryophytes live, are described. In addition to the taxonomy and floristics, special attention has been focussed on the bryogeographical affinities of New Guinea with the neighbouring areas, the endemism, and the state of threat for bryophyte habitats.

Publications


Hyvönen, J. 1989: On the bryogeography of Western Melanesia. - J. Hatt. Bot. Lab. 66:231-254.
Hyvönen, J., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1987: Human influence on the mossflora of tropical rain forest in Papua New Guinea.  - Symposia Biol. Hungarica 35: 621-629.
Koponen, T. 1990: Bryophyte flora of Western Melanesia. - Tropical Bryol. 2:149-160.
Koponen, T. 2000: Index of the bryophyte flora of Western Melanesia. Index to genera and families in parts 1-67, and list of papers. - Division of Systematic Biology, Univ. of Helsinki 2000. 24 s.
Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1983: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. I. Study area and its bryo­logical  exploration. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 20: 15-29.
Koponen, T., Norris, D. H. & Piippo, S. 1992: Bryophyte flora of Western Melanesia. A status report. - Bryobrothera 1: 157-160.
Norris, D.H. 1990: Bryophytes in perennially moist forests of Papua New Guinea: Ecological orientation and predictions of disturbance effects. - Bot. J. Linn. Soc.  104: 281-291.
Piippo, S. 1992: On the plantgeographical affinities of temperate and tropical Asiatic and Australasiatic hepatics. - J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 71: 1-35.
Piippo, S. 1994: Phytogeography and habitat ecology of Western Melanesian endemic hepaticae. - J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 75: 275-293.
Piippo, S. 1994: On the bryogeography of Western Melanesian Lejeuneaceae, with comments on their epiphyllous occurrence. - Tropical Bryology 9: 43-57.
Piippo, S. 1995: Länsi-Melanesian sammalkasviohanke kertoo tropiikin monimuotoisuudesta. - Luonnontieteellisen keskusmuseon vuosikirja 1995: 55-60. Yliopistopaino. 96 pp.
Piippo, S. & Koponen, T. 1997: On the phytogeographical diversity of Western Melanesian mosses. - J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 82: 191-201.
Piippo, S., Koponen, T., Hyvönen, J. & Enroth, J. 1994: Uuden Guinean sammalten monimuotoisuus. - Luonnon Tutkija 98: 198-203.
Tan, B.C., Piippo, S. & Norris, D.H. 2006: Bryophytes of Papua New Guinea: Their diversity, ecology, and conservation. –In: Marshall, A.J. & Beehler, B.M. (eds.), The ecology pf Papua. Pp. 320–334. Periplus Editions. Singapore.

 

List of checklists and papers in Frieda River and Huon Peninsula series

Timo Koponen, Daniel H. Norris, Sinikka Piippo, and co-authors

Checklists

Grolle, R. & Piippo, S. 1984: Annotated catalogue of Western Melanesian bryophytes. I. Hepaticae and Anthocerotae. - Acta Bot. Fennica 125: 1-86.

Piippo, S. & Koponen, T. 1985: Annotated catalogue of Western Melanesian bryophytes. II. Musci. - Manuscript. (The distribution records for Musci in Western Melanesia in the “Huon series” are based on this manuscript).

 

List of papers in the "Frieda River" series

1.     Norris, D.H. & Koponen, T. 1985: Bryophytes from Frieda River, East and West Sepik Pro­vinces, Papua New Guinea. I. Musci. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 22:367-396.

2.     Piippo, S. 1986: Bryophytes from Frieda River, East and West Sepik Provinces, Papua New Guinea. II. Hepaticae (Haplomit­ria­ceae - Frulla­niaceae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 23:1-10.

3.     Norris, D.H., Reese, W.D. & Koponen, T. 1988: Bryophytes from Frieda River, East and West Sepik Provinces, Papua New Guinea. III. Syrrhopodon curticancellinatus, species nova (Calymperaceae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 25:149-151.

4.     Piippo, S. 1998: Bryophytes from Frieda River, East and West Sepik Provinces, Papua New Guinea. IV. Chiloscyphus koponenii, species nova. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 35: 55-57.

 

List of papers in the "Huon Peninsula" series

1.     Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1983a: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. I. - Study area and its bryological exploration. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 20:15-29.

2.     Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1983b: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. II. Mniaceae (Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 20:31-40.

3.     Piippo, S. 1984: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. III. Haplomit­riaceae, Lepicoleaceae, Herbertaceae, Pseudolepicoleaceae, Trichocoleaceae, Schistochi­laceae, Balantiopsaceae, Pleuro­ziaceae and Porellaceae (Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 21:21-48.

4.     Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1984: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. IV. Anomobryum, Bryum and Rhodobryum (Bryaceae, Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 21:265-290.

5.     Grolle, R. & Piippo, S. 1984: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Penin­sula, Papua New Guinea. V. Lepidoziaceae subfam. Zoop­soideae and Cephaloziaceae subfam. Schiffnerioideae (Hepati­cae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 21:299-307.

6.     Piippo, S. 1984: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. VI. Lepidoziaceae subfam. Lepidozioide­ae, Calypogeiaceae, Adelanthaceae, Cephaloziaceae subfam. Ce­pha­lo­zioideae and subfam. Odontoschismatoideae and Jubula­ceae (Hepa­ticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 21:309-335.

7.     Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. VII. Trachypodaceae, Thui­dia­ceae and Meteoriaceae. - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:1-51.

8.     Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. VIII. Hylocomiaceae and Rhyti­diaceae. - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:53-61.

9.     Frahm, J.-P., Giese, M., Padberg, M., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. IX. Atractylocarpus, Bryohumbertia, Campylo­po­dium and Campylopus (Dicra­naceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:63-88.

10.   Piippo, S. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. X. Jackiellaceae, Scapaniaceae, Arnellia­ceae and Acro­bolbaceae (Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:89-97.

11.    Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XI. Brachymenium, Epip­tery­gium, Lepto­bryum, Mielichhoferia, Orthodontium and Pohlia (Brya­ceae) and Lepto­stomataceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:99-127.

12.    Piippo, S. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XII. Geocalycaceae (Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:129-167.

13.    Piippo, S. 1985: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XIII. Arachniopsis and Kurzia (Lepidozia­ceae subfam. Lepidozioideae, Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 131:169-179.

14.    Koponen, T., Touw, A. & Norris, D. H. 1986: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XIV. Rhizogo­niaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 133:1-24.

15.    Hattori, S. & Piippo, S. 1986: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Penin­sula, Papua New Guinea. XV. Frullania (Frullania­ceae, Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 133:25-58.

16.    Grolle, R. & Piippo, S. 1986: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Penin­sula, Papua New Guinea. XVI. Pallaviciniaceae (Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 133:59-79.

17.    Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1986: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XVII. Grimmiaceae, Racopilaceae and Hedwi­gia­ceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 133:81-106.

18.    Hyvönen, J. 1986: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XVIII. Polytrichaceae and Buxbaumiaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 133:107-149.

19.    Reese, W. D., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1986: Bryo­phyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XIX. Calymperes, Syrrhopodon and Mitthyridium (Calymperaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 133:151-202.

20.    Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1987: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XX. Fissidentaceae, Mitte­niaceae, Phyllodrepaniaceae, Phyllogoniaceae and Sorapilla­ceae (Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 24:177-219.

21.    Piippo, S. 1988: The bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXI. Lepicolea norrisii (Lepicoleaceae, Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 25:55-57.

22.    Piippo, S. 1988: The bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula. XXII. Targioniaceae, Wiesnerellaceae, Aytoniaceae and Ric­ciaceae (Marchantiales, Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 25:97-107.

23.    Piippo, S. 1988: The bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula. XXIII. Treubiaceae, Allisoniaceae and Makinoaceae (Metzge­riales, Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 25:159-164.

24.    Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1988: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXIV. Andreaeaceae, Archidiaceae, Seligeriaceae and Ditrichaceae (Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 25:165-177.

25.    Frahm, J.-P., Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1988: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXV. Campylopodiella (Dicranaceae, Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 25:259-260.

26.    Hyvönen, J. 1989: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXVI. Pterobryaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 137:1-40.

27.    Enroth, J. 1989: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXVII. Neckeraceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 137:41-80.

28.    Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1989: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXVIII. Pottiaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 137:81-138.

29.    Váňa, J. & Piippo, S. 1989: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXIX. Jungermanniaceae and Gymnomitriaceae (Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 26:107-125.

30.    Piippo, S. 1989: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXX. Plagioc­hilaceae (Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 26:183-236.

31.    Váňa, J. & Piippo, S. 1989: Bryophyte flora of  the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXI. Cephaloziaceae subfam. Alobielloideae, Cephaloziellaceae, Antheliaceae and Lophozia­ceae (Hepaticae) - Ann. Bot. Fennici 26:263-290.

32.    Yamada, K. & Piippo, S. 1989: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXII. Radula (Radulaceae, Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 26:349-387.

33.    Norris, D.H. & Koponen, T. 1990: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXIII. Leskeaceae and Fabroniaceae (Musci) plus corrigenda and addenda to pre­vious papers. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 27:1-12.

34.    Piippo, S. 1990: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXIV. Key to the genera of Western Melanesian Hepaticae and Anthocerotae. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 27:13-18.

35.    Norris, D.H. & Koponen, T. 1990: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXV. Dicranaceae and Dicnemonaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 139:1-64.

36.    Enroth, J. 1990: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXVI. Leuco­bryaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 139:65-120.

37.    Grolle, R. & Piippo, S. 1990: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXVII. Leucolejeunea (Lejeunea­ceae, Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 27:119-129.

38.    Enroth, J. 1990: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Penin­sula, Papua New Guinea. X­XXVIII. Cyrtopodaceae and Cryphaeaceae  (Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 2­7:177-188.

39.    Piippo, S. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XXXIX. Fossom­bronia (Fossombroniaceae) and Metzgeria (Metzgeriaceae, Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:1-22.

40.    Piippo, S. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XL. Acromas­tigum and Hygrolembidium (Lepidoziaceae subfam. Bazzanioideae and Lembidioi­deae, Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:23-34.

41.    Enroth, J. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLI. Ptycho­mniaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:35-41.

42.    Enroth, J. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLII. Ento­dontaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:43-55.

43.    Enroth, J. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLIII. Funa­riaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:57-69.

44.    Lai, M.-J., Koponen, T. & Norris, D.H. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLIV. Palamocladium (Brachytheciaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:71-75.

45.    Akiyama, H., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Penin­sula, Papua New Guinea. XLV. Neolindbergia (Prionodontaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:77-89.

46.    Ochyra, R., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1991: Bryophyte  flora of the Huon Penin­su­la, Papua New Guinea. XLVI. Amblys­tegiaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:91-106.

47.    Koponen, T., Piippo, S. & Norris, D.H. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLVII. - Generic and family indexes to parts I-XLVI. - Acta Bot. Fennica 143:107-111.

48.    Enroth, J. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLVIII. Plagiotheciaceae (Musci). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 28: 111-115.

49.    Piippo, S. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. XLIX. Targionia (Targioniaceae, Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 28: 273-276.

50.    Bischler, H. & Piippo, S. 1991: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. L. Marchantiaceae (Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 28: 277-301.

51.    Piippo, S. 1992: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LI. Additions and corrections to the Geocalycaceae (Hepaticae). - Ann. Bot. Fennici 29: 243-248.

52.    Enroth, J. 1993: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LII. Homalothecium (Brachytheciaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 148: 1-4.

53.    Vitt, D. H., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1992: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LIII. Ulota and Schlotheimia (Orthotrichaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 148: 5-25.

54.    Piippo, S. 1993: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LIV. Anthocerophyta. - Acta Bot. Fennica 148: 27-51.

55.    Vitt, D. H., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1995: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LV. Desmotheca, Groutiella, Macrocoma and Macromitrium (Orthotrichaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 154: 1-94.

56.    Pócs, T., Piippo, S. & Mizutani, M. 1995: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXV. Preliminary contributions on Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) 2. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 32: 259-268.

57.    Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 1996: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LVII. Fleischerobryum and Philonotis (Bartramiaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 156: 1-21.

58.    Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1996: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LVIII. Hypnodendron (Hypnodendraceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 156: 23-48.

59.    Virtanen, V. 1996: Bryophyta flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LIX. Breutelia (Bartramiaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fenn. 156: 49-62.

60.    Virtanen, V. 1998: Bryophyta flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LX. Bartramia, Conostomum  and Leiomela (Bartramiaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 165: 1-15.

61.   Enroth, J. & Ignatov, M. 1998: Bryophyta flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXI. Hygrohypnum (Amblystegiaceae, Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 165: 17-21.

62.   Ignatov, M. S., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. N. 1998: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXII. Brachytheciaceae (Musci), excluding Homalothecium and Palamocladium. - Acta Bot. Fennica 165: 23-72.

63.    Ignatov, M. S. 1998: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXIII. On the pseudoparaphyllia in Brachytheciaceae and Meteoriaceae (Musci). - Acta Bot. Fennica 165: 73-83.

64.   Pócs, T. & Piippo, S. 1999:  Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXIV. Aphanolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae). - Acta Bot. Fennica 165: 85-102.

65.    Pócs, T., Mizutani, M., and Piippo, S. 1994: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXV. Preliminary contributions to Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) 1. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 31:  179-190.

66.    Norris, D. H., Koponen, T. & Piippo, S. 1999:  Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXVI. Meesiaceae (Musci), with lists of boreal to temperate disjunct species, bipolar species, and widely spread species in New Guinea. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 257-263.269.

67.   Norris, D. H. & Koponen, T. 1999:Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXVII. Amphidium (Rhabdoweisiaceae, Musci).  - Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: 265-269.

68.    Gradstein, S. Rob., He X-L., Piippo, S. & Mizutani, M. 2002: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXVIII. Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae). — Acta Bot. Fennica 174: 1–88.

69.    Tan, B. C., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 2005: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXIX. Preliminary report on the Sematophyllaceae (Musci), with nomenclatural notes. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 42: 231–233.

70.    Tan, B. C., Koponen, T. & Norris, D. H. 2007: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. LXX.  Sematophyllaceae (Musci) 1. Acanthorrhynchium, Acroporium, Clastobryophilum, Pseudopiloecium, Radulina and Trichosteleum. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 44 Supplement a: 35-78.

71.    Norris, D. H., Koponen. T. & Buck, W. R. 2007: Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea LXXI. Merrilliobryum (Fabroniaceae, Musci). — Ann. Bot. Fennici (in press).