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Chromosomal evolution of South American frugivorous butterflies in the Satyroid clade
Web appendix to: Brown KS J R , Freitas AVL, von Schoultz B, Saura AO, Saura A. 2007. Chromosomal evolution of South American frugivorous butterflies in the Satyroid clade (Nymphalidae: Charaxinae, Morphinae and Satyrinae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 467-481
1 Museude História Natural and Departamento
de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas,
C.P. 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13.083-970, Brazil
2 Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of
Helsinki, Finland
3 Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University,
SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
October 2007
http://www.luomus.fi/english/zoology/entomology/research/satyroid-clade/
This appendix gives supplementary information to the Tables 1 and 2 in the paper by Brown et al. (2007). The paper gives chromosome numbers for a monophyletic group of Satyroid subfamilies from the neotropical region. The Brassolini and Morphini are exclusively neotropical, while the Charaxines are found also in Africa. The Satyrines can have originated in the Neotropics; at least two clades have invaded other parts of the world.
The appendix table contains the following items:
1. Voucher number of the butterfly specimen or reference to an earlier publication [a figure number refers to a drawing of the chromosome set in the paper of de Lesse (1967a)]. An asterisk (*) without data on locality and number of individuals refers to material derived from the unpublished notes left by late Dr. H. de Lesse. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Museu de História Natural of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, accompanied by their unique number.
2. Taxon name in Brown et al. (2007) and species designation, if different in the earlier publication. [The nomenclature follows the list of Lamas et al. (2004), except for the tribal and subtribal division of the Satyrinae, where we have followed Peña et al. (2006).] Species are in alphabetical order within subfamily Charaxinae, within tribes Morphini and Brassolini of subfamily Morphinae, and within subfamily Satyrinae.
3. The haploid chromosome number of the studied individual(s). A comma between chromosome numbers shows that the numbers come from different individuals and a dash indicates uncertain alternative numbers within an individual. In a few cases a single individual had different chromosome numbers in different cells; in these cases the chromosome numbers have been separated with a semicolon. - The chromosome preparations and original notes are deposited in the Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland.
4. Number of studied populations / individuals.
5. Collecting locality and locality code for the studied specimen(s). Locality codes:
- AC = Acre (extreme western Brazil)
- AM = Amazonas (northwestern Brazil)
- AN = Andes of north-central Colombia
- BA = Bahia (eastern Brazil)
- CC = Chocó (western Colombia)
- CM = Chanchamayo (central Peru)
- CT = Catatumbo (northwestern Venezuela)
- CZ = Canal Zone (central Panamá)
- DF = Brasília (central Brazil)
- EB = eastern Bolivia
- EE = eastern Ecuador
- ES = Espírito Santo (eastern Brazil)
- GO = Goiás (central Brazil)
- MG = Minas Gerais (central Brazil)
- MT = Mato Grosso (central Brazil)
- OX = Oaxaca (southern Mexico), PA = Pará (northern Brazil)
- PE = Pernambuco (extreme eastern Brazil), PN = Paraná (southern Brazil)
- PR = Puerto Rico
- PT = Putumayo (southern Colombia)
- RG = Aragua, northern Venezuela
- RJ = Rio de Janeiro (southeastern Brazil)
- RO = Rondônia (western Brazil)
- SC = Santa Catarina (southern Brazil)
- SP = São Paulo (southeastern Brazil)
- TV = Táchira (southwestern Venezuela)
- VC = Valle de Cauca (western Colombia)
- VV = Villavicencio, Meta (eastern Colombia)
- WE = western Ecuador.
| 1. Voucher code or reference | 2. Taxon name in Brown et al. (2007). The name in the original reference is in parentheses. | 3. n = 4. Number of studied pop. / ind. | 5. Collecting locality and locality code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3. | 4. | |||
Subfamily CHARAXINAE |
||||
| 600 | Agrias amydon ferdinandi | 12 | 1/1 | Tiuma, PE |
| M 6 | Agrias amydon ssp. | 12 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| Ch 7 | Agrias narcissus tapajonus (A. aedon n.) | 12 | 1/2 | Manaus, AM |
| Maeki & Remington 1960b (M39-1, M39-2, M39-3) | Anaea troglodyta (A. aidea) | 30 | 1/3 | Ciudad Victoria, Mexico |
| Ch 41 | Anaeini sp. (tailless, red ventrally) | 9 | 1/2 | Cubarral, VV, Colombia |
| 1493 | Anaeini sp. (large, tailless) | 26 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| Ch 40 | Anaeini sp. (dark, red ventrally) | 26 | 1/1 | Cubarral, VV, Colombia |
| Ch 43 | Anaeini sp. (very dark) | 26 | 1/1 | Cubarral, VV |
| Ch 22 | Archaeopreopna amphimachus [Prepona a.(dark)] | 14 | 1/1 | São Sebastião, ES |
| 330 | Archaeoprepona amphimachus (Prepona a.) | 14 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 1159 | Archaeoprepona amphimachus (Prepona a.) | 9 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 393 | Archaeoprepona amphimachus (Prepona a.) | 9 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1191 | Archaeoprepona amphimachus (Prepona a.) | 9 | 1/1 | Buriti Chapada, MT |
| Ch 8 | Archaeoprepona amphimachus (Prepona a.) | 9 | 1/1 | Rio Frio, TV, Venezuela |
| 679 | Archaeoprepona amphimachus pseudomeander (Prepona a. fruhstorferi) | 9 | 1/1 | Xerém, RJ |
| de Lesse 1970a | Archaeoprepona demophon(Prepona d.) | 16 | 1/1 | Catemaco, Mexico |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Archaeoprepona demophon(Prepona d.) | 16 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 609 | Archaeoprepona demophon (Prepona d.) | 16 | 1/4 | Tiuma, PE |
| 449 | Archaeoprepona demophon thalpius (Prepona catachlora ( ? =demophon) | 16 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1151 | Archaeoprepona demophoon andicola (Prepona d. antimache) | 15 | 1/2 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 323 | Archaeoprepona demophoon andicola (Prepona d. antimache) | 15 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 610 | Archaeoprepona demophoon andicola (Prepona d. antimache) | 15 | 1/2 | Tiuma, PE |
| Ch 48 | Archaeoprepona demophoon antimache (Prepona amphitoe) | 15 | 1/2 | Constanza, Dominican Republic |
| Ch 12 | Archaeoprepona demophoon antimache (Prepona amphitoe) | 15 | 1/1 | El Verde, Puerto Rico |
| Ch 19 | Archaeoprepona meander (Prepona m.) | 9 | 1/1 | La Parada, TV, Venezuela |
| M 19 | Consul electra | 20 | 1/1 | Aguas Blancas, Tabasco, OX, Mexico |
| Ch 31 | Consul fabius | 21 + 1-2 small | 1/1 | Rio Samaná, AN, Colombia |
| 109 | Consul fabius | 27 | 1/1 | Güigüe, RG, Venezuela |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 32D) | Consul fabius albinotatus (Protogonius tithoreides) | 19-20 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| 1491 | Consul fabius ssp. | 19-20 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| Ch 14 | Consul panariste | 11 | 1/1 | Bajo Calima, VC, Colombia |
| Ch 39 | Fountainea centaurus (or nessus) (Anaea nesea) | 27 | 1/1 | San Antonio, VC, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1970a | Fountainea eurypyle confusa (Anaea euryphile c.) | 31 | 1/1 | Jesus C., Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Fountainea eurypyle confusa (Anaea euryphile c.) | 31 | 1/1 | Xicotepec, Mexico |
| Ch 36 | Fountainea glycerium (Anaea g.) | 31 | 1/1 | La Parada, TV, Venezuela |
| 168 | Fountainea glycerium cratais (Anaea c.) | 30 | 1/1 | Piracanjuba, GO |
| Ch 55 | Fountainea halice evelina | 31 | 1/2 | -, AC |
| 526 | Fountainea halice moretta [Anaea (Memphis) m.] | 31 | 1/2 | Cândido Sales, BA |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 32C) | Fountainea nessus (Anaea n.) | 16 | 1/1 | Baños, Ecuador |
| 1490 | Fountainea nessus (Anaea n.) | 16 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| 1465 | Fountainea nessus (Anaea n.) | 16 | 1/1 | Rio Topo, EE |
| Ch 16 | Fountainea nessus (Anaea n.) | 16 | 1/1 | Bajo Calima, VC, Colombia |
| Ch 9 | Fountainea nobilis titan (Anaea “titan”) | 26 | 1/1 | Cucubital, AN, Colombia |
| 237 | Fountainea ryphea phidile (Anaea r. p.) | 31 | 1/2 | Paraopeba, MG |
| 275 | Fountainea ryphea phidile (Anaea r. p.) | 31 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 32E) | Fountainea r. ryphea (Anaea helie) | 31 | 1/1 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| 1407 | Fountainea r. ryphea (Anaea r. r.) | 31 | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| 1384 | Hypna clytemnestra | 7 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| 1607 | Hypna clytemnestra | 7 | 1/1 | Terra Santa, PA |
| 769 | Hypna c. clytemnestra | 7 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| 1193 | Hypna clytemnestra corumbaensis | 8 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 527 | Hypna clytemnestra forbesi | 7 | 1/2 | Cândido Sales, BA |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Hypna clytemnestra huebneri [Anaea (Hypna) c. h.] | 6 | 1/1 | Xerém, RJ |
| 398 | Memphis acidalia ssp. (Anaea arachne ssp. (?) | 28 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1055 | Memphis anna (Anaea sp. red and blue) | 36 | 1/1 | Santa Clara, EE |
| 308 | Memphis appias (Anaea a.) | 30 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 531 | Memphis appias | 30 | 1/2 | Cândido Sales, BA |
| 531 | Memphis appias | 30-31 | 1/1 | Cândido Sales, BA |
| 901 | Memphis arginussa (?) [(Anaeaa. (?)] | 31 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| Ch 13 | Memphis cleomestra (Anaeac.) | 15 | 1/1 | Rio Tatabro, AN, Colombia |
| 59 | Memphis glauce | 11 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| 1138 | Memphis glauce (Anaea g.) | 16 | 1/1 | Riozinho, RO |
| Ch 10 | Memphis glauce felderi (Anaea f.) | 50 | 1/1 | Cartón de Colombia, PT |
| M 8 | Memphis laertes (Anaea eribotes) | 28 | 1/2 | Manaus, AM |
| 3308 | Memphis laertes (Anaea eribotes) | 28 | 1/1 | Amazonas, Venezuela |
| Ch 1 | Memphis laertes var.laertes (Anaea eribotesvar.) | 24; 27 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| Ch 11 | Memphis laura (Anaea l.) | 26 | 1/1 | Queremal, VC, Colombia |
| 72 | Memphis laura balboa (Anaea l. b.) | 26 | 1/1 | Piña, Santa Rita, CZ, Panama |
| 658 | Memphis leonida editha | 29 | 1/1 | Sumaré, RJ |
| Ch 20 | Memphis leonida ? (Anaea nr moruus) | 29 | 1/1 | Barra de Säo Joäo, RJ |
| 1499 | Memphis lineate (Anaea l.) | 29 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| Ch 23 | Memphis lyceus (Anaea l.) | 14 | 1/1 | Lago Calima, VC, Colombia |
| Ch 49 | Memphis moruus | 27 | 1/1 | República, AC |
| Ch 25 | Memphis moruus (Anaea m.) | 26 | 1/1 | Lago Calima, VC, Colombia |
| Ch 50 | Memphis moruus (Anaea m.) | 28 | 1/1 | Cachoeira, AC |
| 1152 | Memphis moruus [Anaea m. (?)] | 28 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 870 | Memphis moruus [Anaea m.(?)] | 28 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| 401 | Memphis moruus stheno (Anaea m. s.) | 28 | 1/1 | Colégio São Vicente, MT |
| 331 | Memphis moruus stheno (Anaea. m. cauna) | 29 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 204 | Memphis moruus stheno (Anaea. m. s.) | 28 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| * | Memphis offa | 26 | - | - |
| 299 | Memphis otrere (Anaea o.) | 29 | 1/2 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 160 | Memphis otrere (Anaea o.) | 29 | 1/1 | Itatiaia, RJ |
| Ch 27 | Memphis otrere (Anaea o.) | 29 | 1/1 | Campos de Jordão, SP |
| Ch 34 | Memphis perenna austrina (Anaea a.) | 30 | 1/1 | La Parada, TV, Venezuela |
| Br 2 | Memphis polycarmes (Anaea p.) | 14 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| Ch 24 | Memphis pseudiphis (Anaea p.) | 25 | 1/1 | Lago Calima, VC, Colombia |
| Ch 5 | Memphis sp. [(Anaeasp. (falcate fw)] | 12 | 1/2 | Mina Pichita, CM, Peru |
| Ch 15 | Memphis sp. nracidalia (Anaeanrmemphis) | 18 | 1/1 | Bajo Calima, VC, Colombia |
| Ch 17 | Memphis sp. nrarginussa (Anaea nra.) | 35 | 1/1 | Los Naranjos, TV, Venezuela |
| Ch 45 | Memphis sp. nrglauce (Anaeanrg.) | 12 | 1/1 | Cubarral, VV, Colombia |
| Ch 32 | Memphis sp. nrmoruus (Anaeanr m.) | 28 | 1/1 | Rio Samaná, AN, Colombia |
| Ch 51 | Memphis sp. nrneniaa (Anaea nr nenia?) | 26 | 1/1 | Restauraçao, AC |
| Ch 44b | Memphis sp. nrneniab (Anaea nr nenia) | 31 | 1/1 | Cubarral, VV, Colombia |
| Ch 18 | Memphis sp. nr xenocles (Anaea nr x.) | 30 | 1/1 | Los Naranjos, TV, Venezuela |
| Ch 2 | Memphis xenocles (Anaea x.) | 33 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 32B) | Noreppa chromus (Prepona c.) | 16 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| Ch 38 | Noreppa chromus (Prepona c.) | 16 | 1/1 | Peñas Blancas, VC, Colombia |
| 1566 | Polygrapha suprema | 29 | 1/1 | Campos do Jordao, SP |
| Ch 26 | Polygrapha suprema | 30 | 1/1 | Campos do Jordao, SP |
| 306 | Preopna d. deiphile (P. d.) | 12 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 1128 | Preopna d. deiphile (P. d.) | 12 | 1/2 | Petrópolis, RJ |
| 188a | Prepona laertes demodice (P. rothschildi cuyabaensis) | 19 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 617 | Prepona laertes demodice [P. rothschildi (dark tuft)] | 19 | 1/1 | Tiuma, PE |
| 616 | Prepona l. laertes (P. l.) | 19 (?) | 1/1 | Tiuma, PE |
| Ch 33 | Prepona laertes ssp. (P. o.) | 19 | 1/1 | Rio Samaná, AN, Colombia |
| Ch 4 | Prepona laertes ssp. (P. o.) | 25 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| 1296 | Prepona pheridamas | 11-13 | 1/1 | Vilhena, MT |
| 288 | Prepona pylene bahiana | 12 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| Ch 3 | Prepona pylene eugenes (P. e.) | 12 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| 188 | Prepona ”pylene laertides” (P. omphale rhenea) | 11 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| Ch 53 | Prepona sp. nrlaertes | 18 | 1/1 | -, AC |
| 208 | Siderone galanthis (S. marthesia) | 21 | 1/1 | -, DF |
| 1241 | Siderone galanthis (S. marthesia) | 21 | 1/1 | Paracatu, MG |
| 1169 | Siderone galanthis nemesis (S. marthesia n.) | 21 | 1/1 | Piracanjuba, GO |
| 1268 | Zaretis isidora (Z. itys i.) | 21? 29? | 1/2 | Riozinho, RO |
| Ch 52 | Zaretis itys f. (not transparent dots) | 21 | 1/1 | Restauração, AC |
| 932 | Zaretis itys | 21 | 1/2 | Victoria, AN, Colombia |
| 185 | Zaretis itys | 21 | 1/3 | Piracanjuba, GO |
| 1267 | Zaretis itys (dark) | 21 | 1/1 | Vilhena, MT |
| 388 | Zaretis itys ssp. | 21 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
Subfamily MORPHINAE |
||||
| Tribe Morphini | ||||
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Antirrhea archaea | 13 | 1/2 | Parque da Tijuca, RJ |
| Sat 12 | Antirrhea phasiana | 25 | 1/1 | Mina Pichita, Peru |
| 1066 | Antirrhea philoctetes | 29-30? | 1/1 | Santa Clara, EE |
| M 5 | Antirrhea philoctetes avernus (Triteleuta philopoemon a.) | 30 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| de Lesse 1967a | Antirrhea philoctetes lindigii (A. miltiades) | 29 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| 1408 | Antirrhea philoctetes lindigii | 29 | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| Mor 33 | Antirrhea taygetina | 25 | 1/1 | Restauraçao, AC |
| 1454 | Caerois chorinaeus | 29 | 1/1 | La Elsa, CC, Colombia |
| 2272 | Morpho achilles | 27 or 28 | 1/1 | Jaru, RO |
| 992 | Morpho achilles ssp. | 28 | 1/1 | Limoncocha, EE |
| 1092 | Morpho achilles ssp. (much blue) | 28 | 1/1 | Coroico, EB, Bolivia |
| 309 | Morpho anaxibia | 28 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 215 | Morpho athena | 28 | 1/1 | Bralísia Country Club, DF |
| 1126 | Morpho athena | ca 30 | 1/1 | Petrópolis, RJ |
| 1568 | Morpho athena | 31 | 1/1 | Campos do Jordao, SP |
| 247 | Morpho athena | 34 | 1/1 | Petrópolis, RJ |
| 3010 | Morpho cisseis | 28 | 1/1 | - , PA |
| M 4 | Morpho cisseis | 46 | 1/1 | Cerra dos Carajás, PA |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Morpho epistrophus [M. epistrophis (=laertes ) ] | 28 | 1/1 | Parque da Tijuca, RJ |
| 148 | Morpho epistrophus | 28 | 1/1 | -, RJ |
| T 79 | Morpho hecuba | 28 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| de Lesse 1970b | Morpho helenor | 28 | 1/1 | Maripa, Guyane |
| 219 | Morpho helenor achillaena (M. achilles paulista) | 28 | 1/2 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 173 | Morpho helenor achillaena (M. achilles paulista) | 28 | 1/2 | Monte Alegre, MG |
| 670 | Morpho helenor achillaena (M. a.) | 28 | 1/3 | Xerém, RJ |
| de Lesse 1967a | Morpho helenor achillides (M. achilles trojana) | 28 | 1/1 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| 895 | Morpho helenor achillides [M. trojana(?) (yellow rings)] | 28 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| 571 | Morpho helenor anakreon (M. achilles anacreon) | 28 | 1/1 | Tiuma, PE |
| 592 | Morpho helenor anakreon (M. achilles a.) | 28 | 1/1 | São Lourenco da Mata, PE |
| 608 | Morpho helenor anakreon (M. achilles a.) | 28 | 1/2 | Tiuma, PE |
| 718 | Morpho h. helenor (M. achilles amazonicus) | 28 | 1/1 | Belém, PA |
| 1140 | Morpho h. helenor (M. achilles amazonicus) | 28 | 1/1 | Riozinho, RO |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TR-196) | Morpho helenor insularis (M. peleides i.) | 28 | 1/1 | Cochrane, Trinidad |
| de Lesse 1967a | Morpho helenor leontius (M. l.) | 28 | 1/2 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| Maeki & Remington 1960a (M52-1, M52-2, M52-3) | Morpho helenor peleides (M. p.) | 28 | 1/3 | SLP El Salto, Mexico |
| de Lesse 1967a | Morpho helenor peleides (M. p.) | 28 | 1/2 | Victoria, Colombia |
| 818 | Morpho helenor peleides (M. p.) | 28 | 1/2 | San Esteban, RG |
| 487 | Morpho helenor pindarus (M. achilles p.) | 28 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1111 | Morpho helenor pindarus (M. achilles p. ?) | 28 | 1/4 | Colonia Hardeman, EB |
| M 2 | Morpho helenor rugitaeniatus | 28 | 1/1 | Bajo Calima, VC, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 32A) | Morpho helenor violaceus (M. achillaena violacea) | 28 | 1/1 | S. Catarina, Brazil |
| 996 | Morpho menelaus | 27 | 1/1 | Limoncocha, EE |
| 315 a and b | Morpho menelaus | 27 | 1/2 | -, RJ |
| 315 c | Morpho menelaus | 46 | 1/1 | -, RJ |
| de Lesse 1967a | Morpho menelaus amathonte (M. a.) | 27 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Morpho menelaus coeruleus (M. nestira mineiro) | 30 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| de Lesse 1970b | Morpho m. menelaus (M. m. guyanensis) | 28 | 1/1 | Maripa, Guyane |
| 1254 | Morpho m. menelaus | 28 | 1/1 | Vilhena-Pimenta Bueno, RO |
Tribe Brassolini |
||||
| 301 | Blepolenis batea | 29 | 1/2 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 272 | Blepolenis batea | 30 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 155 | Brassolis astyra | 28 | 1/1 | -, RJ |
| Bra 31 | Brassolis sophorae | 29 | 1/1 | Eunápolis, BA |
| de Lesse 1967a | Caligo atreus (C. atraeus) | 29 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| 1520 | Caligo atreus | 29 | 1/1 | Santo Domingo, WE |
| Br 3 | Caligo atreus | 29 | 1/1 | Quebrada La Chacona, TV, Venezuela |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Caligo beltrao | 29 | 1/1 | Parque da Tijuca, RJ |
| Ch 6 | Caligo euphorbus | 27 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Caligo brasiliensis (C. eurilochus b.) | 29 | 1/2 | Parque da Tijuca, RJ |
| 875 | Caligo idomeneus | 29 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28H) | Caligo illioneus (C. ilioneus) | 29 | 1/1 | S. Domingo, Ecuador |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Caligo i. illioneus | 29 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| Bra 36 | Caligo sp. nr euphorbus? (C.sp. nrmarsus?) | 29 | 1/1 | Seringal Porongaba, AC |
| 817 | Caligo teucer | 28 | 1/2 | Puerto Cabello, RG |
| 615 | Caligo teucer | 29 | 1/1 | Tiuma, PE |
| 928 | Caligo teucer | 29 | 1/1 | Victoria, AN, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Caligo teucer | ca 30-31 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| 1183 | Caligo teucer | 30 | 1/1 | Buriti Chapada, MT |
| 1198 | Caligo teucer | 31 | 1/1 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| 493 | Caligo teucer japetus | 30 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 980 | Caligo teucer ssp. (?) | 28 | 1/1 | Limoncocha, EE |
| 1511 | Caligo sp. nrteucer | 29 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| 1405 | Caligo sp. nrteucer | 30 | 1/1 | Cali, VC, Colombia |
| Bra 34 | Caligo zeuxippus | 29 | 1/2 | Andalucía, VC, Colombia |
| Bra 32 | Caligo sp. | 29 | 1/1 | Alto Anchicaya, VC, Colombia |
| Bra 33 | Caligo sp. (yellow band) | 29 | 1/1 | Peñas Blancas, VC, Colombia |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Catoblepia amphirhoe | 29 | 1/1 | Xerém, RJ |
| 420 | Dynastor darius | 28 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 695 | Dynastor darius | 28 | 1/2 | Sumaré, RJ |
| 429 | Eryphanis automedon amphimedon (E. polyxena wardi) | 29 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 328 | Eryphanis reevesii | 31 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 1204 | Narope cyllarus (?) (very red) | 29 | 1/1 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| 889 | Narope cyllabarus (?) | 31 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| 322 | Narope cyllastros | 28? | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Narope cyllastros | 29 | 1/1 | Parque da Tijuca, RJ |
| 503 | Narope panniculus | 29 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 286 | Opoptera aorsa | 29 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 153 | Opoptera syme | 29 | 1/2 | -, RJ |
| M 17 | Opsiphanes boisduvallii | 29 | 1/2 | Aguas Blancas, Tabasco, OX, Mexico |
| 1371 | Opsiphanes cassiae crameri (O. c. lucullus) | 29 | 1/1 | Linhares, ES |
| 56 | Opsiphanes cassiae strophios (O. quiteria cherocles) | 29 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28I) | Opsiphanes invirae | 29 | 1/1 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Opsiphanes invirae remoliatus | 29 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 1845 | Opsiphanes quiteria | 31 | 1/2 | -, RO |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Opsiphanes quiteria meridionalis | 29 | 1/2 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| M 18 | Opsiphanes tamarindi ? | 29 | 1/1 | Aguas Blancas, Tabasco, OX, Mexico |
| 945 | Opsiphanes tamarindi | 29 | 1/1 | Lago Calima, VC, Colombia |
| B 1 | Penetes pamphanis | 50 | 1/1 | -, PN |
| 1892 | Selenophanes cassiope | 50 | 1/1 | -, RO |
Subfamily SATYRINAE |
||||
| 434 | Amphidecta calliomma | 8 | 1/1 | Alto Araguaia, MT |
| 222 | Amphidecta calliomma (A. caliomma) | 9 | 1/2 | Paraopeba, MG |
| 411 | Amphidecta pignerator | 9 | 1/1 | Colégio São Vicente, MT |
| 492 | Amphidecta reynoldsi | ca 50 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 180 | Amphidecta reynoldsi | 51 | 1/1 | Piracanjuba, GO |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Archeuptychia cluena | 6 | 1/2 | Parque da Tijuca, RJ |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Archeuptychia cluena | 6 | 1/1 | Xerém, RJ |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28D) | Auca coctei | 20 | 1/1 | Jahuel, Chile |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 29) | Auca nycteropus | 7 | 1/2 | Zapallar, Chile |
| De Lesse 1967a (Fig. 29) | Auca nycteropus | 7-8, 8 | 1/2 | Zapallar, Chile |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 29) | Auca nycteropus | 9-10 | 1/1 | Zapallar, Chile |
| de Lesse 1967a | Chillanella stelligera (Tetraphlebia s.) | 17 | 1/1 | Bariloche, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28B) | Chillanella stelligera (Tetraphlebia s.) | 17-18 | 1/1 | Rio Blanco, Chile |
| 1421 | Chloreuptychia arnaca | 13 | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| T 676 | Cissia occypede | 9 | 1/1 | Xerem, RJ |
| 1137 | Cissia penelope (Argyreuptychia p.) | 30 | 1/1 | Pimenta Bueno, RO |
| 964 | Cissia penelope (Argyreuptychia p. ?) | 50-51 | 1/1 | Santo Domingo, WE |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TR-141) | Cissia penelope (Euptychia p.) | 36 | 1/1 | Arima Valley, Trinidad |
| T 403 | Cissia sp. nrpalladia (large) | 105 (5 + 100 small) | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| T 349 | Cissia sp. nr penelope | 16 | 1/1 | Carro Campana, CZ, Panama |
| 1236 | Cissia sp. [(Argyreuptychia sp.? (tan)] | 6 | 1/1 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27A ) | Cithaerias pireta (Callitaera p.) | 25 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| 1073 | Cithaerias pireta aurora (C. a.) | 12 | 1/2 | Santa Clara, EE |
| Sat 39 | Cithaerias pireta aurora (C. a) | 12 | 1/1 | Porto Terminal, AM |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28F) | Corades enyo | 29 | 1/5 | Baños, Ecuador |
| de Lesse 1967a | Corades iduna | 29 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Corades iduna procellaria (C. p.) | 29 | 1/2 | Tucuman, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a | Erichthodes antonina (E. erichto) | ca 13-14 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Erichthodes s.l. arius[Euptychia(s.l.)a.] | 38 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28C) | Etcheverrius chiliensis | ca 60 | 1/1 | Jahuel, Chile |
| T 86 | Euptychia jesia (darker fw) | 25 | 1/1 | Manaus, AM |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27H) | Euptychoides albofasciata (Euptychiodes a.) | 50 | 1/3 | Rio Topo, Ecuador |
| de Lesse 1967a | Euptychoides griphe (Euptychiodes vesta) | 25 | 1/1 | Bogotá, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27G) | Euptychoides griphe (Euptychiodes vesta) | 25 | 1/2 | Baños, Ecuador |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28A) | Faunula leucoglene | 29 | 1/7 | Bariloche, Argentina |
| 706 | Godartiana muscosa | 36 | 1/1 | Belo Horizonte, MG |
| Sat 11 | Haetera macleannania | 24 | 1/1 | Rio Tatabro, VC, Colombia |
| Sat 31 | Haetera macleannania | 25 | 1/1 | Rio Claro refuge, VC, Colombia |
| 713 | Haetera piera | 25 | 1/1 | Belém, PA |
| 856 | Haetera piera (or near) | 25 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| 1121 | Haetera sp. (blue-spot) | 25 | 1/2 | Colonia Hardeman, EB |
| T 546 | Harjesia sp. | 13 | 1/1 | Iporá, GO |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TR-100) | Hermeuptychia hermes (Euptychia h.) | 13 | 1/1 | Blanchisseuse, Trinidad |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TO-527) | Hermeuptychia hermes (Euptychia h.) | 18 | 1/1 | Moriah, Tobago |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TO-511) | Hermeuptychia hermes (Euptychia h.) | 23 | 1/1 | Moriah, Tobago |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TO-507, TO-511) | Hermeuptychia hermes (Euptychia h.) | 25 | 1/2 | Moriah, Tobago |
| de Lesse 1967a | Homoeonympha boisduvalii (Homeonympha b.) | ca 29-30 | 1/2 | Bariloche, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28E) | Homoeonympha schajovskoii (Homeonympha shajovscoii) | 27 | 1/4 | Bariloche, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1970a | Magneuptychia libye (M. lybie) | 25-26 | 1/1 | Jesus C., Mexico |
| 965 | Magneuptychia libye | 29 | 1/1 | Santo Domingo, WE |
| 1411 | Magneuptychia libye | 35 | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1970a | Magneuptychia libye (M. lybie) | 39 | 1/1 | Barberina, Guatemala |
| 1271 | Magneuptychia sp. (no blue) | ca 70 | 1/1 | Riozinho, RO |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27D) | Manataria hercyna | 28 | 1/1 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| 1209 | Manataria hercyna hyrnethia | 28 | 1/1 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| T 628 | Moneyptychia paeon (“Euptychia” p.) | 25-29 (25? 26? 28? 29?) | 1/1 | Xerem, JR |
| T 498 | Moneyptychia soter | 24 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| de Lesse 1967a | Nelia nemyroides | 27 | 1/4 | Puyehue, Chile |
| 136 | Oressinoma typhla | 28-29 | 1/1 | Caracas, RG, Venezuela |
| de Lesse 1967a | Oxeoschistus puerta simplex (O. s.) | 29 | 1/2 | Alban, Colombia |
| 1495 | Oxeoschistus sp. | 28 | 1/1 | Ouyo-Napo, EE |
| 865 | Oxeoschistus sp. | 28 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pampasatyrus nilesi (P. johanna) | ca 41 | 1/1 | Catamarca, Argentina |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Pampasatyrus ocelloides (“Euptychia” o.) | 10 | 1/1 | Fazenda Itiquira, GO |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia metaleuca | 17 | 1/1 | Jesus C., Mexico |
| 207 | Pareuptychia “ocirrhoe” | 13 | 1/3 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 265 | Pareuptychia “ocirrhoe” | 13 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 396 a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (?) | 12 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 396 b | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (?) | 13 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 747 | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe | 13 | 1/2 | Belém, PA |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe [P. o.(=hesione) (sensu lato)] | 13 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe [P. o. (hesione)] | 13 | 1/1 | Parque Santa Dalila, RJ |
| Wesley & Emmel 1975 (TR-139) | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (Euptychia occirhoe) | 18 | 1/1 | Arima Valley, Trinidad |
| 133 | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe | 18 | 1/1 | Güigüe, RG, Venezuela |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 23 | 1/1 | Tuxtla G, Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/1 | La Tinta, Guatemala |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/2 | Xicotepec, Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/1 | Catemaco, Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/6 | Jesus C., Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/4 | Mathias R., Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/1 | Palenque, Mexico |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (P. hesione) | 24 | 1/1 | Tuxtla, Mexico |
| 641 | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (larger, light) | 26 | 1/1 | Ubatã, BA |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27K) | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (s.l.)(P. hesiones.l.) | 13 | 1/3 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (s.l.) (P. hesiones.l.) | 15 | 1/1 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27I) | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (s.l.) (P. hesiones.l.) | 21 | 1/1 | S. Domingo, Ecuador |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (s.l.)(P. hesione s.l.) | 24 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (s.l.)(P. hesiones.l.) | 42-43 | 1/1 | Rio Topo, Ecuador |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27J) | Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (s.l.)(P. hesiones.l.) | 44 | 1/2 | Rio Topo, Ecuador |
| 415 | Pareuptychia summandosa | 15 | 1/1 | Alto Rio Paraguai, MT |
| * | Pareuptychia sp. | 8 | - | - |
| 7 | Pareuptychia sp. | 12 | 1/1 | Chanchamayo, Peru |
| 82 | Pareuptychia sp. | 12 | 1/1 | Piña, Santa Rita, CZ, Panama |
| 1510 | Pareuptychia sp.(one white line) | 13 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| T 686 | Paryphtimoides poltys | 13 | 1/1 | Xerem, RJ |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pedaliodes palaepolis (P. paleopolis) | 29 | 1/1 | Machu Pichu, Peru |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pedaliodes pisonia | 29 | 1/1 | Baños, Ecuador |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pedaliodes sp. | 29 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pedaliodes sp. | 29 | 1/1 | Baños, Ecuador |
| 276 | Pharneuptychia pharnaces | 25 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| Sat 10 | Pierella helvina | 30 | 1/1 | Rio Tatabro, VC, Colombia |
| 585 | Pierella lamia | 20 | 1/1 | Várzea, Recife, PE |
| 1544 | Pierella lamia | 29 | 1/1 | Itamaraju, BA |
| 896 | Pierella lamia | 26-30 | 1/1 | Rio Negro, VV, Colombia |
| 717 | Pierella lamia | 28-30 | 1/1 | Belém, PA |
| 448 | Pierella lamia chalybaea (P. c.) | 29 | 1/1 | Colégio São Vicente, MT |
| 748 | Pierella lena | 27 | 1/2 | Belém, PA |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27B) | Pierella luna | 29 | 1/2 | Victoria, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pierella luna rubecula (P. l. heracles) | 29 | 1/1 | Mathias R., Mexico |
| 1419 | Pierella sp. nr helvina (P.nrincanescens) | 30 | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| 1431 | Pierella sp. nr helvina (P.nrincanescens) | 30 | 1/1 | Quibdo, CC, Colombia |
| de Lesse & Brown 1971 | Praefaunula armilla | ca 12 | 1/1 | Fazenda Itiquira, GO |
| de Lesse 1967a | Praepedaliodes phanias (Pedaliodes p.) | 29 | 1/1 | Posadas, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a | Praepedaliodes phanias (Pedaliodes p.) | 29 | 1/1 | Iguaçu, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pronophila cordillera | 8 (or 29) | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pronophila cordillera (P. variabilis) | 29 (or 8) | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pronophila intercidona thelebina (P. t.) | 29 | 1/1 | Alban, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Pronophila timanthes (P. thimantes) | 29 | 1/1 | Baños, Ecuador |
| 321 | Splendeuptychia cosmophila | 35 | 1/1 | Santa Teresa, ES |
| 210 | Splendeuptychia sp. | 6 | 1/1 | -, MG |
| T 473 | Splendeuptychia ? sp. (dark) | 7 | 1/1 | Reserva Campina, AM |
| de Lesse 1967a | Steremnia pronophila (Pseudosteroma p.) | 13 | 1/1 | Bogota, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 28G) | Steroma bega | 13 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Steroma bega andensis (S. a.) | ca 12-13 | 1/1 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| de Lesse 1967a | Steroma modesta | 13 | 1/2 | Coroico, Bolivia |
| T 529 | Yphthimoides celmis (Y. bonariensis ? ) | 12 (?) | 1/1 | Paracatu, MG |
| de Lesse 1967a | Yphthimoides celmis | 27 | 1/1 | Tucuman, Argentina |
| de Lesse 1967b (de Lesse 1967a) | Yphthimoides celmis [Euptychia (s.l.) sp.] | 27 | 1/1 | Machu Pichu, Peru |
| T 1313 | Yphthimoides renata | 27 | 1/1 | CZ, Panama |
| 973 | Yphthimoides (?) sp. | 14 | 1/1 | Santo Domingo, WE |
| 444 | Yphthimoides (?) sp. | 29 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
Taygetis and its closest relatives |
||||
| 221 | Posttaygetis penelea (Taygetis penelina) | 14 | 1/2 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| T 578 | Pseudodebis dubiosa (P. sp. nr d.) | 11 (?) | 1/1 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| 178 | Pseudodebis euptychidia | 9 | 1/1 | Piracanjuba, GO |
| 461 | Pseudodebis euptychidia | 9 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| de Lesse 1970a | Pseudodebis zimri (Taygetis z. ) | 16 | 1/2 | Barberena, Guatemala |
| 453 | Taygetis araguaia sp. nov. | 9 + 1 very small | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| T 485 | Taygetis cleopatra (T. sp. nrxenana/elegia ) | 19 | 1/1 | La Macarena, VV, Colombia |
| 212 | Taygetis echo | 10 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| * | Taygetis kena | 12 | - | - |
| de Lesse 1970b | Taygetis kerea (T. andromeda ? see text on p. 851 and 855 of de Lesse 1970b ) | 23 | 1/1 | La Désirée, Guyane |
| 184 | Teygetis kerea | 23 | 1/2 | Piracanjuba, GO |
| de Lesse 1970b | Taygetis laches (T. andromeda ) | ca 13 | 1/1 | Saül, Guyane |
| de Lesse 1967a | Taygetis laches (T. andromeda ) | 17 | 1/1 | Victoria, Colombia |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27F) | Taygetis laches (T. andromeda ) | 20 | 1/1 | S. Domingo, Ecuador |
| T 549 | Taygetis larua | 40 | 1/1 | Iporá, GO |
| 93 | Taygetis leuctra ( ssp. ofsalvinis) | 11 | 1/1 | Güigüe, RG, Venezuela |
| 426 a | Taygetis mermeria | 14 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 21 | Taygetis mermeria | 15 | 1/1 | Chanchamayo, Peru |
| 199 | Taygetis mermeria | 15 | 1/1 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| 426 b | Taygetis mermeria | 15 | 1/4 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1504 | Taygetis mermeria | 16 | 1/1 | Puyo-Napo, EE |
| 426 c | Taygetis mermeria | 16 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 469 | Taygetis sosis | 12 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1247 | Taygetis sosis | 12 | 1/2 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| 632 | Taygetis sosis | 14 | 1/1 | Ubatä, BA |
| 741 | Taygetis sosis | 17-18 | 1/1 | Belém, PA |
| 1223 | Taygetis sp. nrkerea | 26 | 1/2 | Patrimonio Novo, MT |
| Sat 32 | Taygetis sp. nrthamyra | 16 | 1/1 | Jondachi-Coca, EE |
| 1529 | Taygetis thamyra | 8; 9; 13; 14 | 1/1 | Santo Domingo, WE |
| 501 | Taygetis thamyra | 12 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 1214 | Taygetis thamyra | 12 | 1/1 | Salto do Céu, MT |
| 170 | Taygetis thamyra | 12 | 1/1 | -, MG |
| 593 | Taygetis thamyra | 12-13 | 1/1 | São Lourenco da Mata, PE |
| 1005 | Taygetis thamyra | 13 | 1/1 | Limoncocha, EE |
| 170a | Taygetis thamyra | 14 | 1/1 | -, MG |
| 170b | Taygetis thamyra | 15 | 1/1 | -, MG |
| 66 | Taygetis thamyra | 21 | 1/2 | Piña, Santa Rita, CZ |
| 66 | Taygetis thamyra | 22 | 1/1 | Piña, Santa Rita, CZ |
| Sat 37 | Taygetis thamyra | 26 | 1/1 | Machiques, Zulia, CT, Venezuela |
| 521 | Taygetis tripunctata | 15 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| de Lesse 1970a | Taygetis virgilia (T. nympha ) | 8 (+ 1 small) | 1/1 | Barberena, Guatemala |
| T 585 | Taygetis virgilia (T. erubescens ) | 12 | 1/1 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
| 73 | Taygetis virgilia | 13 | 1/1 | Piña, Santa Rita, CZ |
| T 657 | Taygetis virgilia (T. erubescens ) | 13 | 1/1 | Iguaçu Falls, PA |
| 197 | Taygetis virgilia | 14 | 1/1 | Paraque do Gama, DF |
| 350 | Taygetis virgilia | 14 | 1/1 | Mirassol, SP |
| 591 | Taygetis virgilia | 15 | 1/2 | São Lourenco da Mata, PE |
| 202 | Taygetis virgilia (T. erubescens) | 16 | 1/2 | Parque do Gama, DF |
| Sat 30 | Taygetis virgilia | 16 | 1/1 | Queremal, VC, Colombia |
| 581 | Taygetis virgilia (T. erubescens) | 17 | 1/1 | São Lourenco da Mata, PE |
| de Lesse 1967a (Fig. 27E) | Taygetis ypthima | 31 | 1/1 | Tucuman, Argentina |
| Material studied in 2003-2004 (Fig. 1) | Taygetis ypthima | 39 | 1/7 | Fazenda Intervales, SP |
| 78 | Taygetomorpha celia | 18 | 1/1 | Piña, Santa Rita, CZ |
| 1177 | Taygetomorpha celia | 20 | 1/1 | Alto Garcas, MT |
| 392 | Taygetomorpha celia | 20 | 1/2 | Colégio Buriti, MT |
Fig. 1. (a link to the figure “ Web_appendix_Fig-1_Taytetis_ypthima_no13.jpg “) Taygetis ypthima male, late meiotic prophase - metaphase, squash preparation; n = 39. – Photo A. O. Saura
Acknowledgements
Anja O. Saura acknowledges financial support from the Betty Väänänen Foundation. We thank the web editor Mikko Heikkinen, who helped in assembling the web site.
References
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- Lamas G, Casagrande MM, Viloria AL, Pyrcz TW. 2004. Nymphalidae. In: Lamas, G. ed. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea – Papilionoidea. Gainesville FL: Scientific Publishers, 171-274.
- de Lesse H. 1967a. Les nombres de chromosomes chez les Lépidoptères Rhopalocères néotropicaux. Ann. Soc. ent. France (N. S.) 3 : 67-136.
- de Lesse H. 1967b. Note sur le genre Euptychia (s.l) (Lep. Satyridae). Lambillionea 66: 34-39.
- de Lesse H. 1970a. Les nombres de chromosomes chez les Lépidoptères Rhopalocères en Amérique centrale et Colombie. Ann. Soc. ent. France (N. S.) 6: 347-358.
- de Lesse H. 1970b. Formules chromosomiques de quelques Lépidoptères Rhopalocères de Guyane. Ann. Soc. ent. France (N. S.) 6: 849-855.
- de Lesse H, Brown KS. 1971. Formules chromosomiques de Lépidoptères Rhopalocères du Brésil. Bull. Soc. ent. France 76: 131-137.
- Maeki K, Remington CL. 1960a. Studies of the chromosomes of North American Rhopalocera. 3. Lycaenidae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Morphinae. J. Lepid. Soc. 14: 127-147.
- Maeki K, Remington CL. 1960b. Studies of the chromosomes of North American Rhopalocera. 4. Nymphalinae, Charaxidinae, Libytheinae. J. Lepid. Soc. 14: 179-201.
- Peña C, Wahlberg N, Weingartner E, Kodandaramaiah U, Nylin S, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ. 2006. Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylog. Evol. 40: 29-49.
- Wesley DJ, Emmel TC. 1975. The chromosomes of neotropical butterflies from Trinidad and Tobago. Biotropica 7: 24-31.
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